|
The quality of a
country's future life, commercially, industrially and
intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system.
The state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free
schooling. Those parents who prefer to send their children to
private educational institutions, are free to do so. There are
about 2500 fee-paying, or public schools in the country.
State schooling
in the UK is not as centralized as in most European countries.
Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum. Secondly, the types
of schools available and the age ranges for which they cater
vary in different parts of the country. Local Educational
Authorities are responsible for education in each area. At any
state school no tuition fees are payable. State schooling in the
UK is funded by the government and the local rates.
Schooling is
voluntary under the age of five, and compulsory from 5 to 16.
Generally, primary education in the UK takes place in infant
schools (for ages 5-7) and junior schools (for ages 8—11);
secondary education takes place in secondary schools. Pupils can
stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer. Until
1964 children took an 'eleven plus exam' at the age of 11 and
were 'streamed' according to the results of the exam for
education in different types of secondary schools. Grammar
schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 %,
technical schools specialized in technical studies, modern
schools provided a general education with a practical bias. In
1965 non-selective comprehensive schools were introduced, though
the old system still exists.
Having completed
a compulsory education, 16 year-olds may start work, remain at
school or study at a Further Education college. At schools and
colleges they can take the school-leaving General Certificate of
Secondary Education (GCSE) exams — in a range of subjects. Other
students prefer to pursue work-based training such as General
National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs), which provide skills
and knowledge some in vocational areas such as business,
engineering, etc. Having completed GCSEs most students usually
specialize in three to four subjects leading to General
Certificate of Education (GCE) A Levels. Others can take higher
grade GNVQs.
Many students
then move towards higher education training at universities,
colleges and institutes offering studies at degree level and
higher. The most common degree courses, which usually take three
years to complete are the Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of
Science (BSc), Bachelor of Education (BEd), Bachelor of
Engineering (BEng) and Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Master degrees
for those undertaking further study include the Master of Arts
(MA), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Business Administration
(MBA) and Master of Laws (LLM). Then there are research-based
postgraduate courses leading to the Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD/DPhil).
These academic
qualifications involve thousands of courses at more than 180
higher educational establishments in Britain. The most famous
British universities are, of course, Oxford and Cambridge called
'Oxbridge' and famous for their academic excellence.
Translate the
following sentences into English.
1. В Великобритании государство предоставляет весь спектр
образовательных возможностей: платные частные школы и бесплатные
государственные школы различных типов.
2. В государственных школах Великобритании нет обязательной
программы, они финансируются правительством или из местных
налогов.
3. Начальное образование делится на начальную школу и младшую
школу, средние школы делятся на грамматические, технические,
современные школы и неселективные общеобразовательные школы.
4. После завершения обязательного образования в 16 лет ученик
может остаться в школе, пойти работать или пойти в колледж для
дальнейшего обучения.
5. Ученики средней школы сдают экзамены на Общий сертификат о
среднем образовании в 16 лет и экзамены повышенного уровня в 18,
если они остаются в школе.
6. Высшее образование включает курсы, ведущие к степени
бакалавра искусств, наук, образования, инженерных наук или
юриспруденции.
7. Те, кто продолжает образование, получают степень магистра
искусств, наук, управления бизнесом или юриспруденции.
8. Исследовательские курсы, подводящие к получению степеней выше
бакалавра, могут привести к степеням магистра философии или
доктора философии.
1. The state in
the United Kingdom provides a full range of educational
facilities — fee-paying public schools, and free state schools
of different types.
2. State schools in the UK have no prescribed curriculum and are
funded by the government and the local rates.
3. Primary education is divided into infant schools and junior
schools; secondary schools are divided into grammar, technical,
modern and non-selective comprehensive schools.
4. After completing compulsory education at 16, a pupil can stay
at school, work or go to a Further Education College.
5. Pupils of a secondary school take General Certificate of
Education exams at 16 and A-level exams at 18 (if they remain at
school).
6. Higher education training includes courses leading to the
Bachelor of Arts, Science, Education, Engineering or Laws
degree.
7. Those undertaking further study get the Master of Arts,
Science, Business Administration or Laws degree.
8. Research-based postgraduate courses lead to the Master of
Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык.
Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part
two.
Additional topics.
|
